Analytic software developed by orthopaedic trauma surgeons at NYU Langone Health accurately identifies which middle-aged and elderly patients face a greater mortality risk following surgery for an orthopaedic fracture, according to a new study.
PersonaCARE is a predictive, deep-learning software that uses an algorithm called the Score for Trauma Triage in the Geriatric and Middle Aged (STTGMA), which has been previously validated in research. In this latest study, investigators looked at whether adding markers of frailty could improve risk assessment and enhance the software’s ability to predict outcomes, such as risk of mortality, postsurgical complications or other adverse events. After comparing the original and modified versions, researchers found no significant difference in terms of predicting inpatient mortality.
These findings were presented in the poster session at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) 2018 Annual Meeting (6 March–10 March, New Orleans, USA), and were published in the journal Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation.
Sanjit R Konda (Division of Trauma Surgery, NYU School of Medicine, New York, USA), comments, “PersonaCARE can better inform health care providers and families on mortality risk after an orthopaedic trauma, helping them collaboratively make better care decisions that are in the best interest of patients. Geriatric inpatients with a higher mortality risk also typically incur additional resources and more than double the hospital costs of patients with lower mortality risk. Identifying potential problems early can help rein in these costs.”
How the study was conducted
Frailty is a syndrome described as an overall decline in health from illness or trauma, and is thought to be an important predictor of surgical outcomes in elderly patients. However, there is no consensus on the best assessment tool to assess frailty. Previous research has shown that geriatric trauma is an increasing epidemic in the USA, as baby boomers age; people are living longer and are more active than ever before, but because of this, they are sustaining more injuries. Trauma has risen to the seventh-leading cause of death in the USA in adults 65 years of age and older.
Konda and the trauma surgery team at NYU Langone Orthopaedic Hospital created the PersonaCARE software to evaluate four major physiological criteria: age, medical comorbidities, vital signs and anatomic injuries. It calculates a score from naught to 100 to determine a patient’s mortality risk. Previous retrospective research by Konda and colleagues, collected at a level-one trauma centre over a five-year period, provided evidence to support the algorithm’s predictive abilities—but questions remained about which frailty markers should be factored in to better assess patients’ mortality risk.
The new study examined 1,486 patients age 55 and over who presented to the emergency rooms of a Level 1 Trauma Centre, a tertiary care referral center, and an orthopaedic specialty hospital urgent care with an orthopaedic or spine fracture between September 2014 and September 2016. Of these, 993 cases (66.8%) were considered “low-energy,” such as a ground-level fall less than or equal to two stairs, and 492 (33.1%) were “high-energy,” equivalent to more serious traumas such as a fall from a greater height or a motor vehicle accident.
The study authors calculated scores with the PersonaCARE software using the original algorithm and the modified version containing additional markers of frailty: existing disability; need of an assistive device to move around; and malnutrition.
There were 23 high-energy inpatient mortalities (4.7%of patients) and 20 low-energy inpatient mortalities (2%). When the original algorithm was used, a computational analysis of predictive accuracy found that the high-energy and low-energy cohorts had a score of 0.926 and 0.896, respectively. For the tool that included frailty indicators, the high-energy and low-energy cohorts were 0.905 and 0.937, respectively—reflecting no meaningful statistical difference in predictive capabilities.
At NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, the PersonaCARE software is currently used for all hip fracture patients who are undergoing a hip replacement or operative fixation. Future research will look at the integration of this software with hospital accounting data and with the electronic medical record and what impact that might have on early intervention and care pathways.
Senior study author Kenneth A Egol (Division of Trauma Surgery, NYU Langone, New York, USA) says, “PersonaCARE can calculate a mortality risk upon hospital admission that can be used as a triage tool to guide older patients who face higher risks of complications and adverse events toward specialised pathways of care.”
