Congenital scoliosis can occur in one out of 1,000 live births and is often caused by failure of the vertebrae to form normally, absence of vertebrae, partially formed vertebrae, or lack of separation of the vertebrae. Congenital scoliosis represents the second largest group of scoliotic deformities, and treatment for it is aggressive, in the sense that if progression is observed, even for relatively small curves, surgery is indicated.
